中文摘要：

本研究从发展效率角度出发，以592个国家级贫困县为研究对象，构建了投入-产出指标体系，采用数据包络分析法，测度了2002和2012年中圜固家级贫困县的发展效率，并基于GIS空间分析法对发展效率的空间差异格局进行了深入分析。研究发现：第一、国家级贫困县覆盖的面积在扩大，西南地区的责州省和西北地区的甘肃省成为目前国家扶贫开发的重点和难点地区。第二、特色资源的利用和开发是国家级贫困县实现经济发展的关键。贫困地区往往具有得天独厚的矿产资源、自然景观资源等，利用好上述资源可以促使贫困地区真正实现经济的成长发展。2002年DEA有效的贫困县主要是自然资源、人力资源和旅游资源相对丰富的地区。这些地区通过相关资源的开发已经实现了自身经济的“内生式增长”。而且这些地区基本都已经退出了国家级贫困县的范畴。贵州和甘肃等各类资源非常匮乏的地区成为DEA效率最低的国家级贫困县集中区。这两个省份地理位置闭塞。自然条件恶劣，资源禀赋贫乏。缺乏可以支撑经济内生发展的支撑。第三、DEA有效和DEA效率偏低的贫困县都表现出一定的空间相关性。根据贫困县的空间临接性。采取集中连片的扶贫开发政策符合贫困县的实际情况。第四、2002—2012年间，国家级贫困县县域经济的热、冷点格局发生了很大变化。国家级贫困县的经济发展态势出观了很大的改变。

英文摘要：

The paper took 592 national-level poverty counties as the sample, measured the development efficiency by using DEA and analyzed the spatial difference of economic development pattern of national-level poverty counties in China during 2002 - 2012 by using GIS. The conclusions was drawn as follows. （1）The covered area of the national poverty counties was expanding. Guizhou Province in southwest China and Gansu Province in Northwest China have become key and difficult areas of poverty alleviation. （2）The utilization of special resources was the key to the economic development in the national poverty counties. Poverty areas often have unique mineral resources and natural landscape resources, so using these resources can promote the economic growth and development in poverty areas. In 2002, the DEA effective counties was in the regions of relatively rich natural resources, human resources and tourism resources. Those regions have achieved endogenous growth through resources development and have been no longer the national poverty counties. In 2012, Gansu and Guizhou became the key regions of national poverty alleviation with the lowest DEA efficiency. （3）A nonbalanced development pattern of quality indicated that the stronger ones were in the trend of polarization, and the weak ones became weaker. The regional spatial structure presented that the national-level poverty counties＇ development efficiency increased from east China to west China and decreased from south China to north China. From the overall distribution pattern, it showed that spatial correlation increased. From the local distribution pattern, it indicated that the counties＇ economy developed during these years, but the development was spatially imbalanced. （4）Great changes of hot spots and cold spots spatial pattern have taken place during 2002 - 2012. Based on the above conclusions, this paper also proposed some suggestions to accelerate the county＇ s economic development in national-level poverty counties including formulating mul