中文摘要：

在传统岩土工程模型试验中,物理模型通常由不透明材料制备而成,变形的直接观测仅限于模型表面,而模型内部变形只能通过局部的、间接的方法进行有限观测,致使全面细致的岩体变形破裂过程及其复杂力学行为研究受到很大局限。借鉴已有一定研究基础的透明土试验的思路与方法,以软岩相似物理模拟为突破口,针对透明相似材料的透明度、强度、相似性和变形量测等几个关键难题,系统研发了透明岩体模型的制作方法、试验加载系统、数字散斑照相量测等关键技术。通过透明岩体基本物理力学实验和相似物理模型试验研究,1提出了透明岩体试样的制备方法,获得了试样透明度较为理想的硅粉、液体石蜡以及正十三烷的配比参数,研制了一种适合模拟软岩物理力学性质与变形破裂特征的透明相似物理试验材料。2通过透明岩体试样内置人工测点和散斑面,分别采用激光切面和白光照射,提出了两种较为有效的透明岩体内部变形的数字照相观测方法。3建立了透明岩体相似物理模拟试验新方法,包括透明岩体组成材料的选择、试样制作的材料配比、制作过程要素控制、模型内测点和散斑面设置、数字照相量测以及配套加载物理试验系统等。

英文摘要：

In geotechnical model experiments, the classical test model is made of opaque materials and its direct deformation measurement is limited to the outside surface of model, while the internal deformation of model can be investigated only by some local or indirect methods. So the deformation, cracking process and complex mechanical characteristics of rock mass are difficult to be explicitly made because of the limited deformation data obtained from the opaque model. This paper has drawn lessons from the transparent soil method for the development of transparent rock mass materials, test load system and DSCM technique and has solved the most important problem such as model transparency, strength similarity with soft rock mass and digital photogrammetry for transparent rock mass. The main achievements from the researches on the basic physical and mechanical tests and similar model experiments using the developed transparent rock mass are summarized as follows：（1） The preparation methods of transparent rock mass are proposed as well as the optimized mixture ratio of silica powders, liquefied paraffin wax and tridecane for better transparency. A novel transparent similar material is developed successfully for simulating the mechanical property, deformation and fracture characteristics of soft rock.（2） Two types of effective DSCM application methods, placing measured ball points and making a digital spectacle plane inside the test model which is illuminated by redlaser light and incandescent light respectively, for measuring ─internal deformation of transparent rock mass model are proposed and implemented.（3） An innovative physical similar experiment method based on the transparent rock massmaterials is established, which includes components selection, mixture ratio of sample or model preparation, process control, man-made measured points or cross plane with colored spectacles, digital photogrammetry and test loading apparatus. The innovative experiment method is beneficial to the experimental studies on