中文摘要：

海底火山岩一直是固体地球科学研究的前沿和热点领域之一,对于促进板块构造理论的建立和发展发挥了极其重要的作用。深入开展海底火山岩研究有助于深刻理解地幔结构、壳幔演化及相关动力学过程。本文在简要介绍国际上海底火山岩研究的主要成果和最新进展的基础上,评述了中国海底火山岩的研究进展,总结了中国对南海、冲绳海槽、马里亚纳海槽和劳海盆等弧后盆地、大洋中脊以及板内火山作用等方面的代表性岩石学研究成果,最后提出了今后该领域研究的重要科学问题和方向。

英文摘要：

The study on seafloor volcanic rocks has been a forefront and a hot topic in solid earth sciences,which has played a significant role in promoting the establishment and development of plate tectonics. The seafloor petrologic study will help us in understanding mantle structure,crust-mantle evolution and other related geodynamic processes. This article reviewed studies on seafloor volcanic rocks in past 50 years,and highlighted the classical studies and the new exciting developments. We also reviewed some developments in the field of seafloor volcanic rocks of China,and summarized representative petrologic studies on back-arc basins（ South China Sea,Okinawa trough,Mariana trough and Lau basin）,midoceanic ridges and intraplate magmatism. Finally,we raised several important scientific questions and proposed some future perspectives to Chinese scholars.