中文摘要：

单扫描快速采样方法利用空间编码技术，只需单次扫描就能获得二维及多维核磁共振（NMR）谱数据，极大地缩短了二维和多维核磁共振谱的采样时间，有望在NMR领域得到广泛的应用。该文以离散编码单扫描快速采样方法为例阐明了单扫描快速采样方法的原理，介绍了连续幅度调制、连续相位调制等各种单扫描快速采样新方法及其在NMR领域中的应用，指出了单扫描快速采样方法的局限性，并对其未来发展进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Single-scan ultrafast method can be used to obtain two-dimensional and multi-dimensional NMR spectra within a single scan via spatially encoding technique, thus greatly shortening the experimental time. It has found wide applications in the NMR field. In this review, the discrete spatially encoding single-scan ultrafast method was taken as an example to elucidate the underlying principles. Some novel single-scan methods such as continuous amplitude-modulated encoding and continuous phase-modulated encoding were discussed. The applications of the single-scan methods were introduced and their limitations were analyzed. The perspective of this technique was briefly discussed.