中文摘要：

大数据不仅使世界认识到数据的重要性，更引发了许多行业从根本上的变革。大数据时代也对GIS提出了诸多挑战，如海量、多源、异构数据的存储与管理以及面对大量噪音的价值挖掘等。作为空间数据管理、分析以及可视化的重要工具，为适应大数据的需求，GIS必须在大数据时代做出改变和调整。针对大数据的几个“V”特性分析了传统GIS所受到的挑战，在前期相关研究的基础上，从GIS空间数据管理、空间数据分析以及可视化三方面进一步阐述了大数据GIS应具有的特征。

英文摘要：

Big data is changing the world, and also posing challenges for GIS. The volume, velocity, and variety of these data challenge the data management ability of GIS, while the veracity and value is sues of big data challenge spatial analysis theory and methods. Thus, as a tool focusing on spatial data management, analysis and visualization, GIS has to make necessary adjustments and changes to meet the big data requirements. This paper discusses the challenges based on the 5V properties of big data, and then, analyzes three characteristics of future GIS in the big data era, which are： ① scalable data management, ②data-driven modeling and data mining, and ③ geo-computational visual analytic.