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中文摘要：
依据断裂力学理论,建立了裂纹尖端扩展力学模型,获得了尖端起裂的临界应力及其影响因素,包括垂直应力、水平应力、岩石的断裂韧度、初始裂缝的倾角与直径、注水压力等。研究结果表明：应力达到裂缝尖端起裂的临界应力时,尖端开始起裂扩展。通过坚硬顶板定向水力致裂工业性试验,获得了初始裂缝和注水压力是决定定向水力致裂坚硬顶板效果的关键因素。
英文摘要：
According to the fracture mechanics theory, the model of the fracture tip extension was established. The critical stress and the affected factors of the tip fracture are obtained including the vertical stress, horizontal stress, rock breaking tenacity, initial fracturing angle, diameter, water injection pressure and others. The study results showed that when the stress reached to the critical stress of the fracture tip fracturing, the tip would start to expand the fracturing. It is verified that initial fracturing and water injection pressure are the key factors by hard roof directional hydraulic fracturing experiments in two collieries. With the directional hydraulic fracture industrial test of the hard roof, the initial fracture and water injection pressure obtained was the key factors to the directional hydraulic fracture results of the hard roof.
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