中文摘要：

电磁轨道连续快速发射下的热量积累直接决定电磁轨道发射装置的轨道寿命，而掌握轨道中累积热量的时空分布特性是对轨道进行热量管理的前提，为此分析了轨道体电阻产生的焦耳热量、电枢轨道相对滑动摩擦产生的热量和电枢轨道接触电阻产生的焦耳热量三种热量源的生成机理，并结合电枢动态发射过程中位移、速度与时间的关系，采用解析方法和有限元方法分析得到了轨道中累积热量的空间分布特性；分析了冷却通道作用下热量交换关系，得到了轨道中累积热量的时变特性。数值计算结果表明：轨道中热量来源在电枢运动起始段以焦耳热量为主，之后摩擦热量的地位逐渐上升；电枢轨道间接触电阻产生的焦耳热量占比较小；轨道体电阻产生的焦耳热量在电流上升沿结束附近对应的电枢位移处达到最大值；冷却通道作用下轨道中的累积热量随时间呈锯齿波形状变化，并逐渐趋于热量平衡。

英文摘要：

The accumulated thermal energy in electromagnetic rail launcher under high fire frequency directly influences the rail＇s lifetime. The grasp of accumulated thermal energy＇s distribution charac- teristics is the premise of thermal management. The generation mechanism of thermal energy inclu- ding joule energy of rail resistance, friction energy between armature and rail and joule energy of con- tact resistance is analyzed. The spatial distribution characteristics of accumulated thermal energy are obtained by analytic and finite element methods, taking into consideration the relation between dis- placement, velocity and time. The time varying characteristics of accumulated thermal energy is got by analyzing thermal energy changes in rail with cooling channels. The simulation and analysis results show that joule energy plays a leading role among thermal energy sources of armature and railrs inter- face in startup phase; Friction energy increases and approximately equals joule energy in ending phase; Joule energy of contact resistance accounts for a small proportion; The maximum joule energy of rail resistance in rail occurs near the end of rising current; Thermal energy of rail with cooling channels accumulates in saw tooth wave pattern and gradually becomes constant.