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中文摘要：
对人骨保存与污染情况的研究是利用骨骼进行测年和食谱分析的前提，而国际上热带/亚热带地区人骨骨胶原普遍流失的现状促使国际学界不断加强对人骨中无机质（羟磷灰石）的研究；然而我国对南方热带/亚热带地区人骨保存情况研究甚少，极大限制了对当地史前先民食谱分析研究的进展。本文以浙江庄桥坟遗址（3700-5000a B.P.）出土的50例人和动物骨骼为例，运用元素分析仪、X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FTIR）等现代分析手段从骨胶原和羟磷灰石两方面，探索当地骨骼保存及污染情况。结果表明这50例样品的骨胶原已经全部降解或被污染；骨胶原实验后尚余44例样品，对其进行XRD实验，结果表明14例样品中含有相当数量的石英、钠长石和钾长石，说明骨样受到了外来物质的污染。而另外30例骨骼样品的最主要成分是羟磷灰石，不含其他杂质。将这30例样品进行FTIR实验后发现，图谱中PO4^3-和CO3^2-主要振动带的特征峰明显；引入PCI、BPI、C/P等FTIR指数进行定量分析、并在指数间进行相关性分析后发现，样品中羟磷灰石的保存状况较好，可以进一步用于今后的稳定同位素研究。
英文摘要：
Assessing the preservation of bones is the premise of radiocarbon dating and dietary analysis on them. The lack of evaluating preservation state on human bones deposited under humid and acidic soil conditions in South China greatly limits the progress on prehistoric diet study of people in this area. The Zhuangqiaofen site is located in Pinghu City, Zhejiang Province, China（30°40＇N, 120°35＇E） and belongs to subtropics monsoon climate zone. It was excavated during 2003-2004. Archaeologists discovered three man-made earthen platforms, which can be classified as the Liangzhu Culture（3700-5000a B.P.）, and revealed 236 tombs dated to the middle and late Liangzhu Cultural period. These tombs form the largest Liangzhu cultural cemetery recorded so far in China, therefore, this site provides a wonderful opportunity to study the preservation of bones in southern part of China. To understand the contamination situation of ancient human and animal bones in Southern China, samples of 37 humans and 13 animals from this site were chosen to extract bone collagen and hydroxyapatite, then analyzed by elemental analyzers, X-ray diffraction（XRD）and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry（FTIR）. Results show that collagen of 20 samples were degraded totally. The extraction ratio of collagen in the rest samples（n=30）ranges from 0.03% to 0.68%, which is considerably lower than that of modern human bones（about 20%）. These ancient collagen samples have pretty low carbon and nitrogen content. Meanwhile, only ZQF13 has the atomic C/N ratio of bone collagen（5.96）, which exceeds the average value of normal range（2.9-3.6）. These results mean that collagen of all samples were contaminated after the burial process. At the same time, 44 typical samples were selected to do the XRD analysis together with one modern pig bone sample. The results show that there are quartz and feldspar diffraction peaks in the XRD spectrum of 14 samples, i.e., ZQF7 and ZQF12, which means these 14 samples were contaminated. The r
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