中文摘要：

背景：绝经后女性出现的骨质疏松是一种全身性的骨代谢障碍疾病，与雌激素水平的下降密切相关。目的：分别从雌激素对破骨细胞和成骨细胞的作用综述了雌激素对骨代谢的影响。方法：由第一作者使用计算机检索 Medline 数据库，全国期刊全文数据库（CNKI），检索词为“estrogen， osteoporosis，bone metabolism，osteoblasts，osteoclasts，osteogenesis，bone resorption”和“雌激素，骨质疏松症，骨代谢，成骨细胞，破骨细胞，骨生成，骨吸收”。从雌激素对破骨细胞、成骨细胞影响两个方面进行总结。共检索到216篇文章，按纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选，共纳入48篇文章。结果与结论：雌激素水平下降破坏了体内成骨与破骨之间的动态平衡，从而导致骨质的吸收，骨量的减少、脆性增加、增加了骨折的风险。雌激素对成骨细胞、破骨细胞均产生调节作用，进而促进骨形成、抑制骨吸收，维持骨代谢平衡。

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND：Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic bone metabolic disorder that is closely associated with a decrease in the level of estrogen. OBJECTIVE：To review the influence of estrogen on bone metabolism by exploring the role of estrogen in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. METHODS：A computer-based retrieval of Medline database and CNKI was performed by the first author to search relevant articles addressing the role of estrogen on osteoblasts and osteoclasts using the keywords of“estrogen, osteoporosis, bone metabolism, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteogenesis, bone resorption”both in English and Chinese. Total y 216 articles were retrieved, and according to inclusion criteria, and 48 articles were final y retained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Estrogen deficiency is associated with a gap between bone resorption and formation, characterized by the loss of bone mass and strength that leads to fragility fractures. Estrogen can regulate the levels of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, thereby inhibiting bone resorption, increasing bone formation, and maintaining bone metabolism.