中文摘要：

目的 通过功能磁共振（fMRI）检测杏仁核激活情况,探讨杏仁核参与情绪记忆编码中持续效应与瞬时效应机制,为进一步探讨情绪记忆障碍相关疾病的神经机制提供依据.方法 22名年轻成人参加试验,年龄20～24岁,试验材料为60幅负性情绪和60幅中性情景图片.试验过程分为编码和提取两个阶段.编码任务采用混合组块/事件相关设计模式,被试执行任务同时行fMRI扫描.提取时仅记录行为学成绩.利用SPm^2和SPSS13.0分别对fMRI数据行相关性分析及行为学数据行配对t检验分析.结果 情绪[（3.15±0.14）分]和中性[（2.25±0.08）分]图片记忆成绩（d＇）差异有显著性（t=2.791,P=0.01）.增强效应与fMRI数据间行全脑相关分析显示：瞬时效应主要相关脑区包括,左侧杏仁核、左侧海马和左侧额叶眶外侧.持续效应主要相关脑区包括,右侧杏仁核、右侧海马、右侧额下回、右侧额叶眶内侧及眶外侧.兴趣区分析显示：情绪记忆增强的持续效应主要与右侧杏仁核相关（r=0.50,P=0.019）,与瞬时效应相关性差异显著（Z=1.655,P=0.049）.瞬时效应与左侧杏仁核相关（r=0.65,P=0.001）,与持续效应相关性差异显著（Z=2.512,P=0.006）.结论 情绪记忆编码中持续效应和瞬时效应具有不同的神经机制,分别与右侧和左侧杏仁核相关,并进一步验证和拓展了＂左侧瞬时-右侧持续效应＂模型.

英文摘要：

Objective To explore mechanisms of sustained and transient effects in encoding processes of emotional memory by examining activation of amygdala via functional MRI and to provide evidence for understanding the underlying neural mechanism related to emotional memory disorders further. Methods Twenty two subjects （aged from 20 to 24 years old） participated in the study and mixed blocked/event-related design was adopted. Sixty negatively emotional pictures and sixty neutral scene pictures were used. Functional MRI scanning was performed while subjects were doing encoding tasks. Behavioral data were acquired during retrieval. Correlation analyses of functional MRI data and simples paired t -test of behavioral performance were performed with SPm^2 and SPSS13.0 statistical software,respectively. Results Significant differences of behavioral performance （ t= 2.791,P= 0.01 ） was found between emotional （3.15 ± 0.14） and neutral （2.25 ± 0.08 ） pictures. A whole-brain voxelwise correlation analysis between functional MRI and emotional enhancement effect indicated that the transient effect of emotional enhancement of memory involved the left amygdala, left hippocampus and left lateral orbitofrontal cortex, while the sustained effect involved the right amygdala, right hippocampus, right inferior frontal gyrus, right medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Region of interest analysis demonstrated that the sustained effect was related to the right amygdala （r= 0.50, P = 0.019 ）, which was different from transient effect （ Z = 1.655, P = 0.049 ）,while the transient effect was correlated with the left amygdala （r=0.65, P=0.001 ） ,which was different from sustained effect（ Z= 2.512, P=0.006）. Conclusion Different neural mechanisms are involved in sustained and transient effects of emotional memory encoding. The right amygdala is responsible for sustained effect and the left amygdala is responsible for transient effect ,respectively. The results confirm and extend the model of the left-transient/