为开发适用于船舶含油污水处理的吸附剂,研究了以蔗糖为原料、H3PO4为活化剂的制备活性炭。采用单因素优化法分析了浸渍比(H3PO4质量∶蔗糖质量)、活化温度、活化时间及升温速率对活性炭吸附乳化油容量的影响。结果表明,在浸渍比2.5、活化温度550℃、活化时间2 h、升温速率15℃/min的条件下制备的活性炭对乳化油吸附量最大,达到57.6 mg/g。在吸附量对比实验中发现,较大比表面积的商用活性炭对乳化油吸附量明显低于较小比表面积的自制活性炭,可见活性炭比表面积并非决定吸附性能的主要因素。通过孔隙结构表征可知,活性炭试样比表面积达到1 095 m2/g,总孔容积1.72 cm3/g,中孔容积1.20 cm3/g,平均孔径6.3 nm,该活性炭中孔发达适合用于含油污水处理。
To develop the adsorbent suitable for oily water separation on ships, activated carbon was developed by using sucrose as source and H3PO4 as activating agent. Single factor optimization method was employed to evaluate the influence of impregnation ratio of H3PO4 to sucrose, activation temperature and time as well as the increasing rate of temperature on adsorption capacity of emulsified oil on the synthesized sample. Results show that the largest emulsified oil adsorption capacity 57.6 mg/g is obtained while a sample is prepared where the impregnation ratio, the heating temperature, the heating duration and the increasing rate of temperature are respectively set as 2.5, 550 ℃, 2 h and 15℃/min. During the adsorption capacity comparison tests, it is proved that the adsorption capacity of the emulsified oil on the commercial activated carbon having a larger specific surface area is smaller than that on the self made activated carbon with smaller specific surface area. The specific surface area is thus not the key factor which decides the adsorption capacity. Results also show that the tested sample has the specific surface area, the total pore volume and mesoporous volume, the mean pore width respectively 1 095 m2/g, 1.72 and 1.20 cm3/g as well as 6.3 nm. It is concluded that meso-porous activated carbons are promising medium for oily water separation.