本文根据产权理论和水权的特性,提出水电站的水权是一种时效水权,界定流域的初始时效水权是解决调水效益补偿问题的理论依据和制度基础;探讨了调水发电损失核算方法与核算的不确定性问题;分析了调水补偿实施制度的重要性和不同实施形式的特点,利用博弈模型分析了流域协商形式的帕累托改进的存在性与所需条件,得出流域协调方式是当前最优制度形式的结论;以黄河应急调水为例建立了基于Agent技术的调水补偿仿真与协商系统,阐述了系统的流程、结构与协同工作方式,并利用系统进行了模拟演算。
This paper proposes a theory and institution base for water dispatch benefit compensation. This theory is based on the property rights theory and characteristics of water rights,and considers the water rights of a hydropower station as a kind of time-limit water rights. Thus defining the original time-limit water rights for a basin is essential. The methods of loss calculation of electricity generation and the uncertainty of this calculation are analyzed. Institution for implementing the compensation is important and different implementation methods may be selected. Through an analysis of the existence of Pareto improvement obtained from basin negotiation and its necessary conditions by a game model,we found that basin negotiation is the best among all the current compensation methods. A simulation and compensation system is developed based on Agent technique and a simulation calculation is made for the Yellow River emergent water dispatch. This study case illustrates the procedure,construction and cooperation methods of the proposed system.