中文摘要：

目的建立与人类代谢综合征相似的大鼠模型，并观察游泳（有氧运动）的干预作用。方法8周龄雄性Wistar大鼠，分别给予普通膳食（对照组）、高脂高盐膳食、普通膳食加游泳和高脂高盐膳食加游泳处理，24周后观测各组的体重、内脏脂肪量、尾动脉血压、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素和血脂，并进行腹腔葡萄糖耐量试验和正常葡萄糖高胰岛素钳夹试验。结果高脂高盐膳食组出现了典型的代谢综合征特征，其体重、内脏脂肪、血压、胰岛素和甘油三酯均比其他组的各项指标显著增加，而葡萄糖输注率显著降低。结论高脂高盐膳食可诱导大鼠代谢综合征，有氧运动可减少或控制因高脂、高盐饮食引起的体重、腹围增加，改善胰岛素敏感性和血糖调节异常，有效防止代谢综合征的发生。

英文摘要：

Objective To establish a rat model as an analogue of human metabolic syndrome and investigate the effects of intervention by swimming （aerobic exercise）. Methods Wistar rats, aged 8 weeks, were treated with routine diet （control）, high fat and salt diet, routine diet plus swimming, and high fat and salt diet plus swimming, respectively. Twenty-four weeks later, body weights, visceral fat, tail arterial blood pressure, fast blood glucose, fast plasma insulin and lipids were measured, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test were performed. Results Typical metabolic syndrome occurred in the high fat and salt diet group, and the body weight, visceral fat, blood pressure, insulin and triglyceride values were significantly increased and the glucose infusion rate was significantly decreased in this group compared with other groups. Conclusions High fat and salt diet could induce the metabolic syndrome in rats. Aerobic exercise could control the increase in body weight and abdominal circumference resulting from high fat and salt diet, improve insulin sensitivity and prevent the occurrence of metabolic syndrome.