中文摘要：

现阶段我国水价政策不尽合理，主要表现为：征收标准普遍偏低，水价未体现水资源用途，水价决定机制不完善，水价结构不合理等。只有遵循市场化机制，水价政策才能从过去简单地服从经济增长战略目标，转变为节水和优化水资源配置的政策工具。以我国各省（区、市）为研究对象，基于DEA方法测度水资源配置效率，发现各地区之间配置效率差异非常明显。市场化改革进程越快的地区，水资源配置效率越高。

英文摘要：

Current water price policy is not very reasonable in China. Water price collection standard is generally low. Water price does not reflect the use of water resources. Water price＇s decision mechanisms are inadequate. And water price＇s structure is unreasonable. Following the market mechanism, water price policy could change from past simply obeying economic growth strategy to water saving and optimizing the allocation of water resources. We take Chinese provinces as examples for study, which is based on DEA method to measure Chinese provinces＇ allocation efficiency of water resources. We find that differences among Chinese provinces are very obvious. The area where market reform process is faster, the water resources allocation efficiency is higher.