中文摘要：

目的了解水源性高碘地区成人甲状腺结节的患病情况，探讨甲状腺结节的患病原因。方法选择山西省水源性高碘地区文水县高车村18—65岁常住居民作为调查对象（孕妇及哺乳期妇女除外），对其进行问卷调查、尿碘含量测定以及甲状腺彩色多普勒超声检查，并进行甲状腺结节患病情况及相关因素分析。结果共调查286人，甲状腺结节检出率为31．1％（89／286），其中男性检出率为25．7％（35／136），女性检出率为36，0％（54／150），不同性别间检出率比较差异无统计学意义（Х^2=2．49，P〉0．05）。甲状腺结节检出者平均年龄为（49．6±11．3）岁，未检出者平均年龄为（43．5±11．6）岁，检出者与未检出者问年龄比较差异有统计学意义（t=4．11，P〈0．05）。甲状腺结节检出者尿碘中位数为453．0μg／L，未检出者尿碘中位数为408．4μg／L，检出者与未检出者间尿碘中位数比较差异无统计学意义（Z：-0．616，P〉0．05）。甲状腺单发结节者51例，占57.3％（51／89）；多发结节者38例，占42．7％（38／89）。甲状腺囊性、囊实性和实性结节分别占49．4％（44／89）、29．2％（26／89）和21.3％（19／89）。Logistic回归分析显示，甲状腺结节的患病与年龄有关[比值比（OR）=1．048，95％可信区间（95％CI）：1．024～1,073，P〈0．05]，多发结节亦与年龄有关（OR=1．086，95％CI：1．044～1．129，P〈0．05），甲状腺囊性结节与性别有关（女性多于男性，OR=2．559，95％CI：1．245～5．262，P〈0．05），甲状腺囊实性结节与年龄有关（OR=1．125，95％CI：1．065～1．189，P〈0．05）。结论水源性高碘地区成人甲状腺结节的检出率较高且以囊性结节为主，甲状腺结节的患病与年龄有关，随着年龄的增加，甲状腺结节、多发结节以及囊实性结节的患病风险增加，女性较男性易患囊?

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in the adults in high water iodine area and to reveal the risk factors of thyroid nodules. Methods Questionnaire investigation, determination of urinary iodine and thyroid ultrasound were carried out for residents aged 18 to 65 years old in Gaoche Village of Wenshui County in Shanxi Province, with the exception of pregnant and lactating women. Possible risk factors for thyroid nodules were analyzed. Results Of the 286 residents, 89 cases of thyroid nodule were detected and the prevalence rate was 31.1%. The prevalence rate was 25.7% （35/136） in male and 36.0% （54/150） in female, there was no significant difference between sex （Х^2 = 2.49, P 〉 0.05）. The average age of the cases with thyroid nodules was （49.6 ± 11.3） years old and was （43.5 ± 11.6） years old in cases without thyroid nodules, there was significant difference between age groups （t = 4.1 ）, P 〈 0.05）. The median of urinary iodine of the cases with thyroid nodules was 453.0 I.Lg/L and was 408.4 ~g/L in cases without thyroid nodules, there was no significant difference in the median of urinary iodine （Z = - 0.616, P 〉 0.05）. The prevalence rate of solitary nodule was 57.3% （51/89）and multiple nodules 42.7% （38/89）. As to the property nodule, the cyst nodule, the cyst-solid nodule and the solid nodule was 49.4% （44/89）, 29.2% （26/89） and 21.3% （19/89）, respectively. The results of Logistic regression showed that the prevalence of thyroid nodule increased with age （OR = 1.048, 95%CI： 1.024 - 1.073, P 〈 0.05） and the muhiple nodule increased with age （OR = 1.086, 95%CI： 1.044 - 1.129, P 〈 0.05）. The cyst nodule was a more common form in women （OR = 2.559, 95%CI： 1.245 - 5.262, P 〈 0.05）. The prevalence of cyst-solid nodule increased with age （OR = 1.125, 95%CI： 1.065 - 1.189, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The prevalence of the thyroid nodule in adults is high and the thyroid nodules are mainly the cyst nodules. The