中文摘要：

劳动力市场政策是福利国家重要的政策领域和关键的政策工具。随着福利国家的改革，劳动力市场政策出现积极转向。通过分析发现，福利国家积极劳动力市场政策的发展趋势是：“重返劳动力市场便利”类政策越发重要，“防止人力资本耗散”类政策逐渐失去重要性，而“人力资本投资”类政策则居中。本文从积极劳动力市场政策类型化这一新的视角，进一步分析福利国家积极劳动力市场政策的多样性。通过确立“人力资本投资”、“防止人力资本耗散”和“重返劳动力市场便利”三个政策类型构成福利国家体制划分的自变量，运用层次聚类和k均值聚类的分析方法，将经济合作与发展组织（OECD）21国划分为3个群进行研究，并选择代表性国家分析发现：“边际型”国家在积极劳动力市场中扮演边际性角色，以澳大利亚为代表，积极劳动力市场政策支出水平低，拥有成熟的准市场机制；“人力资本投资型”国家尤其注重培训的作用，以芬兰为代表，广泛的跨部门合作且将职业教育和职业培训结合是其重点；“重返劳动力市场便利型”国家则努力实现就业激励，并同时提供高质量的公共就业服务，以德国为代表，在权利与义务并重的前提下构建了完善的工作搜寻制度和“有序竞争”机制。

英文摘要：

In welfare states, labor market policies policy instruments. LMPs have experienced an active （LMPs） are important policy fields and key turn in the context of welfare states reform. We argue that there is a big trend of Active Labor Market Policies （ALMPs） in welfare states. Type Ⅲ （convenience of re-entry into labor market ） plays an increasingly crucial role while Type Ⅱ （preventing human capital dissipation） gradually loses its prominence and Type Ⅰ （human capital investment） has an average performance. This paper analyzes the diversity of ALMPs in welfare states from a new perspective： typology of ALMPs. We divide ALMPs into three types： Types I （human capital investment ）, Type Ⅱ （preventing human capital dissipation ） and Type Ⅲ （convenience of re-entry into labor market） which are the independent variables of active labor market policy regime in welfare states. Accordingly, this paper divides 21 OECD countries into 3 groups via hierarchical cluster analysis and k cluster analysis. Australia is the representative of Group Ⅰ （marginal states） ： public financial expenditure remains at a low level while labor market services are guaranteed by mature quasi-market mechanism. Finland is taken as an example of Group Ⅱ （human capital investment states ） which is characterized by extensive trans-departmental cooperation and a well-combined education and training system. In Group Ⅲ （ re-enter labor market state）, government constructs a complete job searching system and orderly competition under the premise of rights and duties, like Germany, employment service quality to achieve employment incentive and improve public