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中文摘要：
在活动流场模型的基础上建立了新的溶质运移控制方程,研究了流场分形特征参数的计算方法;采用4组染色示踪试验资料,分析了活动流场模型模拟土壤水流运动和溶质运移宏观非均匀特征的适用性.模拟分析表明,活动流场模型能较准确地捕捉到土壤中的优先流特别是不稳定流的宏观运动特征;土壤存在大孔隙结构的情况下,水流和溶质将更快的迁移到深层土壤,活动流场模型模拟计算的入渗深度偏小,但大于连续性模型的模拟计算结果;当土壤中的大孔隙结构较少时,活动流场模型模拟预测的土壤含水率分布和溶质浓度分布与实测结果比较一致.
英文摘要：
Based on the active region model of soil water flow, a new governing equation for solute transport was constructed, and an effective method is presented to estimate the fractal parameters of the preferential flow path using dye-infiltration data. The usefulness of the new model for simulating movement of water flow and solute transport in unsaturated soils was evaluated by comparing simulation results with experimental data from 4 field infiltration experiments. The comparison indicated that the active region model provided more accurate simulation results than the traditional continuum model that considered all the flow domains to be active. In soils with macropores, infiltration depths simulated with the active region model was generally smaller than the observed ones, but larger than those determined using the continuum model. The simulated results using the active region model matched the field test results well in soils with minimal macropores.
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