中文摘要：

粒径在1～1000nm范围内的纳米水凝胶可用于药物输送、医学诊断、生物传感器和生物物质分离等领域，近年来受到国内外普遍关注。本文从合成纳米水凝胶的原料人手，分别从单体与交联剂聚合和聚合物后交联两个方面综述了纳米水凝胶合成方法的研究进展。通过单体与交联剂聚合合成纳米水凝胶的方法主要有三种：沉淀聚合法、反相乳液聚合法和微模板聚合法。采用聚合物后交联合成纳米水凝胶的方法主要有四种：沉淀／交联法、乳化／交联法、白组装／交联法和微模板成型／交联法。另外，对这些合成方法的优缺点进行了评述，并对生物医用纳米水凝胶合成方法的研究方向提出了一些粗浅的看法。

英文摘要：

Nanogels with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 1000 nm have attracted worldwide attention due to their potential applications in drug delivery, medical diagnosis, biosensor, bioseparation, etc. This review describes the research progress of nanogels synthesizing methods based on their raw materials, including polymerization of monomers with crosslinkers and post-crosslinking of polymers. The former can be categorized into three kinds of methods., precipitation polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization and micromold polymerization. The latter can be classified into four kinds of methods, precipitation/crosslinking, emulsion/crosslinking, micromolding/crosslinking and self- assembly/crosslinking. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are reviewed, and some viewpoints on synthesizing the nanogels for biomedical applications are put forward.