中文摘要：

蛮石斜坡型仿自然鱼道是仿自然鱼道的常见形式。为了研究该型鱼道中流态,流速和紊动能的变化规律,本文提出了两种不同排列方式的蛮石斜坡型仿自然鱼道：对缝排列和错缝排列。采用三维湍流模型对不同工况的鱼道进行了数值模拟,并用试验验证了数值模拟的合理性。研究表明：同水深情况下,对缝排列形式出现的最大流速小于错缝排列出现的最大流速;对缝排列相邻两级鱼池流速增幅小于错缝排列形式。对缝排列形式的水流紊动能在不同水深处和相邻鱼池间差异小,错缝排列的水流紊动能在水流上层最大,相邻鱼池间紊动能差异明显。对缝排列比错缝排列具有更加合理的鱼道水力学特性。

英文摘要：

Fishways of rock-ramp type are a common form of nature-like fishways. This paper demonstrates two new fishway structures, i.e. aligned slot arrangement and staggered slot arrangement, and presents three-dimensional flow simulations of the two designs to examine their hydraulic characteristics. Scale model tests were conducted to verify the simulations and the numerical model. The results show that in comparison of the flows in the same depth of water, the aligned design is featured with a lower maximum velocity, and the staggered design has a higher growth rate of flow velocity in the adjacent pool downstream. The simulated vertical profiles and test data reveal that the former is more rational in the distributions of turbulent kinetic energy than the latter. Thus, the aligned slot design with better overall hydraulic performance is recommended in this study.