中文摘要：

喂料的流变特性是粉末近净成形性能的关键所在，而喂料的粘度是其流变学最重要的特性。综述了粉末近净成形工艺（粉末挤压成形和注射成形）中喂料的流变特性和几种基本的流体流型，介绍了几种测定粘度的方法和原理，分析了喂料粘度（粘结剂组成）、粉末特性（颗粒尺寸、颗粒形状）和成形工艺条件（剪切速率、温度、压力）对喂料流变特性的影响规律，指出了流变学研究的意义及其应用前景。

英文摘要：

The rheological properties of feedstock is the key factor of the powder net shape, and the viscosity of feedstock is the most important characteristic of the rheology. The rheological properties of feedstock of the powder net shape（PEM and PIM） and several basic fluids are introduced. And the principle of several viscometer which measured the viscosity is presented. The effects of the feed viscosity（Binder composition）, powder characteristics（Partiele size and particle shape） and processing conditions（Shear rate, temperature and pressure） on the rheologieal properties are analyzed respectively. The significance and application prospect of the rheology research are pointed out.