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土地整理中不同梯田空间配置的水土保持效应

期刊名称：水土保持学报
时间：0
页码：59-62+68
语言：中文
分类：S157.31[农业科学—土壤学;农业科学—农业基础科学]
作者机构：[1]北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875, [2]陕西省国家建设征地服务中心,西安710054, [3]北京师范大学地理与遥感科学学院,北京100875, [4]国土资源部土地整理中心,北京100812
相关基金：国家科技支撑计划项目（2008BAB38B02）; 国家自然科学基金项目（40871237 50939001）; 中央高校基本科研业务费专项
相关项目：西部典型生态脆弱区道路网络演变及区域生态效应

关键词：水土保持, 土地整理, 梯田建设, WEPP模型, soil and water conservation, land consolidation, terrace construction, WEPP model

中文摘要：

利用WEPP坡面土壤流失模型,基于典型区的土地整理项目状况,模拟不同坡度条件下,梯田空间配置的水土保持效应,通过对坡度、降雨量和梯田层次的设置,分析30种情景模式下,土壤流失量和产沙量的变化规律。结果表明,基于物理过程的WEPP机理模型能够较好地定量模拟土壤在坡面上的流失情况。总体上看,梯田建设对于土壤流失量和产沙量都具有明显的影响：对于土壤流失量来说,梯田调控了土壤在坡面上流失的空间特征,降低了土壤坡面流失情况;对于产沙量来说,梯田建设有效拦截了产沙过程,随着坡度从5°到25°,拦截率从20%上升到84%;对于梯田数量来看,梯田数目越多,土壤流失量越低,但是产沙量变化不大。对比不同坡度和降雨强度,坡度和降雨强度仍是决定性因子。

英文摘要：

In this study,based on typical land consolidation project conditions,WEPP model was used to simulate the effects of different terrace configuration on soil and water conservation under different slopes and precipitation intensities.By the combination of different slopes,rainfalls and the terrace numbers,30 scenarios were set to model the soil loss and sediment yield.The results showed that WEPP model could quantitatively describe the loss of soil conditions on the slope with the mechanism of physical processes.Overall,terrace construction had obvious influence on soil loss and sediment yield.For the soil loss,the terrace regulated the spatial distribution on the slope and reduced the loss amount.For the sediment yield,the terrace construction effectively blocked sediment yield.The interception rate rose from 20% to 84% with the increase of slope from 5° to 25°.On the whole,the more the number of terraces,the lower the soil loss.But sediment yield changed little with terrace number.Compared with different slope and rainfall intensity,slope and rainfall intensity were still the decisive factors in soil and water conservation.