目的观察小剂量马法兰治疗中、高危骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的疗效和药物不良反应。方法共有按MDS国际预后积分系统(IPSS)判断为中、高危组的30例初治患者入组。治疗方案为:马法兰2mg,口服,每日1次,直至病程进展所致全血细胞减少加剧或骨髓原始细胞比例增高停药,达完全缓解(CR)或部分缓解(PR)者继续用药直至病情复发停药。结果按2006年MDS国际工作组(IWG)疗效修订标准判定,CR9例(30.0%),PR3例(10.0%),骨髓缓解(MCR)加血液学进步(HI)3例(10.0%),MCR1例(3.3%),病情稳定4例(13.3%),治疗失败10例(33.3%),总有效率66.7%。骨髓增生活跃及以下组患者的CR+PR率(60.0%)和总有效率(80.0%)明显高于骨髓增生明显活跃及以上组(分别为0%和40%)(P值分别为0.002和0.045)。中位随访时间为15.5(1~52)个月,中位生存时间为18个月,中位无复发生存时间为11个月。治疗过程中3例患者出现轻度骨髓抑制,1例因血小板输注无效导致脑出血而死亡,未见其他明显药物不良反应。结论小剂量马法兰是治疗中、高危MDS患者的一种安全、有效的方法,并且可能更适用于骨髓增生低下的患者。
Objective To observe the efficacy and slde-effects of low-dose melphalan for the treatment of intermediate- to high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS) patients. Methods Thirty patients with intermediate- to high-risk MDS received oral melphalan at a daily dose of 2 mg. The melphalan therapy was continued until marrow blasts increased or severe cytopenia attributed to melphalan. Patients achieved complete remission(CR) or partial remission(PR) were still maintained with melphalan until disease relapse. Results Among the 30 patients , 9 (30.0%) achieved CR, 3(10.0%) PR,3(10.0%) bone marrow complete remission and hematology improvement( MCR + HI) , 1 (3.3%) MCR, 4( 13.3% )stable disease and 10(33.3% ) no response, the overall response rate being 66.7% according to the Modified International Working Group Response Criteria for MDS. The CR plus PR rate (60. 0% ) and total response rate (80.0%) in patients with normocellular or hypocellular bone marrow were significantly higher than in those with hypercellular bone marrow (0.0%, 40%, respectively) ( P = 0. 002 and 0. 045, respectively). Median overall survival ( OS ) and median relapse-free survival (RFS) were 18 ( 95 % CI 14 - 22 ) and 11 ( 95 % CI 3 - 19) months, respectively. There was no side-effect except for slight marrow suppression in 3 patients and one patient died from brain hemorrhage on inefficacy of platelet transfusion. Conclusions Low-dose melphalan therapy for intermediate- to high-risk MDS patients is safe and effective, especially suitable for elderly patients with hypocellular marrow.