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中文摘要：
基于稻壳灰（RHA）含有均匀分布的主要由SiO2组成的高含量矿物质的事实，研究了RHA综合利用的方法。RHA先经碱法处理后转化为水玻璃和脱硅RHA（DRHA），然后DRHA用硫酸活化制得应用于植物油精炼中的脱色剂纯RHA（PRHA）。分别探讨了影响水玻璃模数和PRHA脱色能力的因素。结果表明，在2-3mol／L范围内改变NaOH浓度或在2-3h范围内改变溶煮时间，可获得2．3～3．6模数的水玻璃产品。高脱硅率有利于PRHA的多孔性形成。在NaOH溶液浓度2mol／L和溶煮时间2h条件下，RHA转化为模数3．3的水玻璃和DRHA，SiO2溶出率达到94.83％。活化DRHA制备PRHA的最佳工艺为：硫酸质量分数5％、活化时间4h、活化温度90℃。PRHA对中性大豆毛油的脱色能力是目前植物油工业中常用的活性凹凸棒石粘土的3倍。
英文摘要：
A new method on comprehensive utilization of rice hull ash （RHA） was explored, based on the fact that mineral is highly and homogeneously distributed in RHA and is mainly composed of amorphous SiO2. RHA was first treated with alkali solution and converted into water glass and desiliconized RHA （DRHA）. Then, DRHA was activated with sulfuric acid to prepare a porous decolorizing agent （PRHA） for vegetable oil industry. Factors which influenced the modulus of water glass and decolorizing capability of PRHA were investigated. Different kinds of water glass products in the range of modulus 2.3 - 3.6 could be prepared by changing NaOH concentration in the range of 2 -3 mol/L or reaction time in the range of 2 -3 h. High desiliconization was beneficial to the formation of porous structure in PRHA. Reacted with 2 mol/L NaOH at 100 ℃ for 2 h, RHA was converted in water glass of modulus 3. 3 and DRHA. Under this condition, SiO2 was extracted out from RHA by 94.83 %. The optimum technology for acti- vating DRHA to prepare PRHA was obtained as follows： sulfuric acid concentration 5 % （mass part）, activation time 4 h, temperature 90 ℃. The decolorizing capability of PRHA for soybeans crude oil was 3 times as much as that of activated attapulgite commonly used in vegetable oil industry.
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