中文摘要：

颞骨是人体最复杂的骨性结构之一,内部重要的神经、血管与位听觉结构关系密切。颞骨相关的耳科及耳神经外科手术要求医生对颞骨解剖有着全面、透彻的认识以避免损伤一些精细、重要结构,如面神经、内耳、颈内动脉和听神经。长久以来,耳外科医生通过反复解剖人体尸头的颞骨来获取和提高相关的手术技能。但人体尸头来源有限,价格日益昂贵,造成尸体颞骨解剖训练越来越困难。随着3D打印技术的发展,世界各国的研究者们制造出了可用于耳科教学和手术技能训练的3D打印颞骨模型。本文就3D打印颞骨模型的制备过程、评价方法以及近年来在耳科领域的应用作一综述。

英文摘要：

The temporal bone is one of the most complex human bony structures in which crucial nerves and blood vessels are closely related with auditory and vestibular organs. Otology and neurotology surgeries demand a comprehen- sive understanding of temporal bone anatomy as well as rich experience and surgical skills to avoid damage to delicate structures such as the facial nerve, inner ear, internal carotid artery and auditory nerve. Ear surgeons have always been im- proving their surgical skills via repeated dissection of human cadaveric temporal bones. However, this surgical training is being challenged by increasing cost and limited sources of human cadaveric materials. With the development of 3D print- ing technology, researchers around the world have produced 3D printed temporal bone models for otological teaching and surgical training. This review focuses on the manufacture of 3D printed temporal bone models, and its evaluation and recent application in otology.