中文摘要：

定位棉花种子性状的基因对揭示棉花种子性状的遗传规律,以及明确棉花种子、产量、纤维品质等性状间的遗传关系具有重要意义。以（渝棉1号×T586）F2：7重组近交系群体构建的遗传连锁图谱,在鉴定270个家系3个环境种子物理性状的基础上,利用MQM作图方法,共检测到34个种子物理性状QTL,包括9个种子重（qSW）、5个短绒重（qFW）、3个短绒率（qFP）、8个种仁重（qKW）、6个种子壳重（qHW）和3个种仁率（qKP）QTL,它们可解释4.6%～80.1%的性状表型变异。9个QTL在2个或3个环境中被检测到,其中包括第12染色体显性光子位点的短绒重与短绒率QTL,以及另外7个微效应QTL。34个QTL分布于15条染色体,其中A染色体组20个,D染色体组14个。有12个染色体区段分布有2个或2个以上的QTL,而且同一染色体区域同一亲本所具有的不同性状QTL的方向大多数与性状表型相关系数的正负一致。

英文摘要：

Cotton is a leading natural fiber crop in the world, and also provides important plant oil and protein. Cotton fiber is developed from a single cell of seed epidermis, so QTL mapping of seed traits is important to reveal the genetic characteristics of seed traits and to understand the genetic relationship among seed, yield and fiber quality traits. Six seed physical traits of upland cotton recombinant inbred line population identified in three environments presented continuous segregation, and the significant variances existed in the six physical traits were affected by environments. The linkage map constructed from the upland cotton recombinant inbred line population （T586 × Yumian 1） F2：7 were used to map QTLs for six seed physical traits by MQM method, and 34 QTLs were detected, including nine QTLs for seed weight （qSW）, five QTLs for fuzz weight （qFW）, three QTLs for fuzz percentage （qFP）, eight QTLs for kernel weight （qKW）, six QTLs for seed hull weight （qHW）, and three QTLs for seed kernel percentage （qKP）, with explained phenotypic trait variance ranging from 4.6% to 80.1%. Out of 34 QTLs, nine QTLs were identified in two or three environments, and they included two large-effect QTLs controlling fuzz weight and fuzz percentage at N1 locus on chromosome 12, and other seven small-effect QTLs. A total of 34 QTLs were mapped on 15 chromosomes, and among them 20 QTLs distributed on A sub-genome and 14 QTLs distributed on D sub-genome. Twelve chromosome regions have two or more QTLs for seed physical traits in each region, and directions of most QTLs for different seed physical traits, which originated from the same parent in the same chromosome region, were consistent with the correlation coefficients of traits.