中文摘要：

基因 transfection 是为自从它在获得上提供重要信息，学习基因功能的一条不可缺少的途径 -- 或 loss-of-function。自从他们是容易温和的并且能在操作以后活被维持，小鸡胚胎广泛地也为学习生物功能被采用。两种技术的联合介绍一条强大的途径给理解基因怎么调整胚胎开发。而且，把这些途径与织物相结合移植技术使甚至更多吸引人为阐明基因功能。Electroporation，平行地采用塑造了电极，广泛地在小鸡胚胎被使用了。然而，实验者们被挫败了由失败地在兴趣的一些胚胎的织物的 transfection 因为电极不正确地被放。我们目前表明了组织并且放电极的不同模式，在有织物移植的联合，到高效地并且明确地 transfect 小鸡胚胎的头，箱子有 GFP 记者基因的神经试管，心试管，体节和神经的冠房间。

英文摘要：

Gene transfection is an indispensable approach for studying gene function since it provides important information on gain- and/or loss-of-function. Chick embryos are also extensively employed for studying bio- logical function since they are easily accessible and can be maintained alive after manipulation. The combination of both techniques presents a powerful approach to under- standing how genes regulate embryo development. Fur- thermore, combining these approaches with tissue transplant techniques make even more attractive for elu- cidate gene function. Electroporation, employing parallelly fashioned electrodes, has been widely used in chick embryos. However, experimenters have been frustrated by unsuccessfully transfection in some embryonic tissue of interest because the electrodes were improperly positioned.We presently demonstrated the different patterns of orga- nizing and positioning the electrodes, in combination with tissue transplantation, to efficiently and specifically trans- fect the chick embryonic head, trunk neural tube, heart tube, somites and neural crest cells with the GFP reporter gene.