中文摘要：

梵净山冷杉和元宝山冷杉是极度濒危的国家一级重点保护植物。应用叶绿体微卫星标记（cpSSR）研究它们的遗传多样性,并与同属的广布种岷江冷杉的一个种群进行比较。结果表明：3对cpSSR引物（Pt63718、Pt30204和Pt71936）在这3种冷杉的249个个体中共检测到21个等位基因,组成35种单倍型;它们的单倍型数和有效单倍型数分别为梵净山冷杉（No=12,Ne=3.92）,元宝山冷杉（No=9,Ne=3.28）,两者均低于广布种岷江冷杉（No=14,Ne=11.57）;梵净山冷杉和元宝山冷杉的稀有单倍型较少,其频率最高的单倍型分别出现在该种群的46.0%和44.1%的个体中;梵净山冷杉（He=0.75）和元宝山冷杉（He=0.70）的单倍型多样性也低于岷江冷杉（He=0.97）。梵净山冷杉和元宝山冷杉的叶绿体微卫星遗传多样性水平低。

英文摘要：

Abies fanjingshanensis and A.yuanbaoshanensis are critically endangered plants.We used chloroplast mic-rosatellite marker to compare the genetic diversity of A.yuanbaoshanensis and A.fanjingshanensis with a widely distributed species A.fargesii var.faxoniana.A total of 21 alleles and 35 haplotypes was detected in 249 individuals from 3 pairs of primer（Pt63718,Pt30204 and Pt71936）.The number of haplotypes（No）,effective number of haplo-types（Ne）of A.fanjingshanensis（No=12,Ne=3.92）and A.yuanbaoshanensis（No=9,Ne=3.28）were lower than A.fargesii var.faxoniana.A.fanjingshanensis and A.yuanbaoshanensis had less rare haplotypes.The haplotype diversity（He）of A.fanjingshanensis（He=0.75）and A.yuanbaoshanensis（He=0.70）were also lower than A. fargesii var.faxoniana（He=0.97）.A.fanjingshanensis and A.yuanbaoshanensis had a relatively low level of ge-netic diversity at chloroplast microsatellite.