中文摘要：

空位是一种点缺陷,广泛存在于非化学计量比的半导体光催化材料的晶格中.不同于其它研制复杂结构和组成的新型光催化剂的策略,空位工程设计方法可以基于传统的,由丰量元素组成的光催化剂进行表面或体相晶格的空位调控,以获得宽谱响应的高效光催化材料.该方法具有不引入杂质元素、成本低廉、方法简便等优点,且通过表面化学吸附作用可以耦合热催化和光催化过程,以实现增强的选择性光催化反应.

英文摘要：

In contrast to the exploration of novel photocatalytic materials,vacancy engineering of traditionalphotocatalysts comprising earth‐abundant elements represents an effective method for enhancingphotocatalytic performance without introducing alien elements.This minireview analyzes the latestprogress in engineering vacancies in photocatalysts,remarks on state‐of‐the‐art characterizationtechniques for vacancies,and reviews the formation chemistry and fundamental benefits of anionand cation vacancies in typical photocatalysts.Although knowledge of these vacancies is increasing,challenges remain in this field,and possible further research is therefore also discussed.