中文摘要：

土壤碳氮磷化学计量比（C：N：P）可以反映有机质质量和含量，其研究对于理解生态学过程和生态系统对气候变化与干扰的响应十分重要. 综述了土壤C：N：P随土层深度、海拔、纬度和演替梯度上的时空变化格局及其影响因素：土壤N：P和C：P随土壤深度而递减，但土壤C：N随土层深度的变化趋势还有争论；土壤C：N随海拔变化并非呈现简单的线性关系而是复杂多变的；在全球和区域尺度上，土壤C：N随纬度增加而增大，而土壤C：P则减小；在演替过程中，受到所选择的演替阶段及其时间序列范围和环境特征等因素影响，土壤C：N：P的演替变化趋势存在明显的争论. 综合分析表明：1）对土壤C：N关注多，而N：P与C：P研究较贫乏；2） 土壤C：N：P的时空变化格局规律还不完全清楚；3）土壤C：N：P受气候、土壤、植被以及人为活动的影响是清楚的，但其机制并不清楚. 因此，未来需要更多地聚焦土壤N：P与C：P的变化格局规律，关注土壤C：N：P变异的多种（生物、物理与化学）作用机制研究及其与生态系统结构和功能动态变化的关系，并通过整合植物-凋落物-土壤系统的化学计量学研究，为深入揭示营养元素的生物化学耦合循环规律提供新证据.

英文摘要：

Soil C：N：P stoichiometry, which could reflect the quality and quantity of soil organic matter, is very important for understanding the ecological processes and ecosystem responses to climate change and disturbance. However, the temporal–spatial pattern of soil C：N：P stoichiometry and its potential driving factors are not yet known. In order to identify such patterns and driving factors, we mainly reviewed the variation patterns and relative driving factors of soil C：N：P stoichiometric ratios along soil depth, elevation, latitude, and succession gradient. Both soil N：P and C：P ratios significantly declined with increasing soil depth, whereas the vertical pattern of soil C：N ratio was controversial. The relationship between soil C：N ratio and elevation was complicated and not in a simple linear form. Soil C：N ratio increased, but soil C：P ratio decreased with increasing latitude at global and regional scales. Inconsistent patterns of soil C：N：P stoichiometry were noted with succession dynamics owing to the fact that current succession studies included various time sequence ranges and site characteristics. We concluded that （1） the number of studies on soil C：N ratio are more than those on soil N：P and C：P ratios; （2） the temporal–spatial pattern of soil C：N：P stoichiometric ratios are yet unknown; and （3） how influencing factors such as climate, soil types, vegetation, and environmental disturbances regulate the temporal–spatial pattern of soil stoichiometric ratios is yet unknown. Finally, we suggest that further studies that combine the ecological stoichiometry in plant and litter with soil and should focus on the controlling mechanism of soil C：N：P stoichiometry patterns and their relations to structural and functional dynamics in ecosystems.