中文摘要：

利用18个微卫星标记对新疆南疆地区吐鲁番斗鸡、喀什斗鸡、安集延鸡、塔什库尔干家鸡、和田黑鸡、阿合奇家鸡、拜城油鸡、和田麻鸡、和静家鸡9个家鸡群体进行检测分析。结果表明：18个位点均为高度多态性位点（多态信息含量PIC在0．745～0．929之间）；9个家鸡群体显示出较高的多态性水平（观测杂合度Ho=0．775～0．932，期望杂合度He=0．777～0．934），其中安集延鸡的多态性水平最高，和田麻鸡的多态性最低；Nei氏遗传距离系统聚类分析显示，吐鲁番斗鸡与喀什斗鸡属于同一分支，阿合奇家鸡与拜城油鸡的遗传距离最近，安集延鸡由于其历史原因与南疆本地品种不在同一分支，属于一个新的品种。

英文摘要：

Nine domestic chicken breeds from Southern Xinjiang （Turpan game chicken,Kashi game chicken,Andijan chicken,Taxkorgan chicken,Hetian Black chicken,Akqi chicken,Baicheng chicken,Hetian Partridge chicken and Hejing chicken） were collected for investigating the genetic variation using 18 mircrosatellite markers. The results showed that the 18 mircrosatellite loci were high level of polymorphic variation and the polymorphism information index （PIC） was between 0.745 to 0.929. The polymorphic variation of the nine chicken breeds showed higher level of PIC （observed heterozygosity was from 0.775 to 0.932,and expected heterozygosity was from 0.775 to 0.934）,the highest level of polymorphism was Andijan chicken, and the lowest was Hetian Partridge chicken. Based on Nei＇s genetic distance,Turpan and Kashi game chicken belonged to the same branch, and genetic difference between Akqi chicken with Baicheng chicken was the least. Andijan chicken could be a new chicken breed, which belonged to a separate branch from those local breeds in Southern Xinjiang because of historic reasons.