中文摘要：

海洋沉积物中的光合色素包含着水体、沉积物中浮游和底栖植物以及微生物群落的丰富信息,能表征特定生物来源,在埋藏到沉积物甚至发生某些改变之后仍然保留其源信息,是一类重要的化学生物标志物。结合总有机碳、总氮等其他海洋地球化学参数,沉积色素可用来研究海洋浮游植物和光合细菌的群落组成和丰度,反演海洋初级生产、水体富营养化水平及其历史趋势,指示水体和沉积物氧化还原条件,揭示海域气候条件等现状及其历史变化。沉积色素的研究,对于掌握海洋中碳的生物地球化学循环过程,回溯古环境、古海洋、古生态以及古气候记录,制定合理的海洋管理政策具有十分重要的意义。阐述了沉积物中色素的分类、来源、性质和分析方法,分析了色素在沉积物中的保存和变化规律,探讨总结了沉积色素作为化学生物标志物在海洋学研究中的应用。

英文摘要：

Photosynthetic pigments in marine sediments provide useful information concerning water column and benthic plants and microbial communities in marine accumulated sediments. They are important chemical bio- markers which can characterize certain biotic sources and retain their source information after burial in sediments, even after some alteration. Pigments in marine sediments mainly come from pelagic and benthic algae communities, phototrophic bacteria and aquatic higher plants, and others come from terrestrial environment. Exposure to direct light, warm tempera- tures （ 〉0~C ） , pH extremes, and enzymes should be avoided because pigments are labile and can degrade fast in the above environments. All sediment samples should be frozen at -20 ~C or colder as soon as possible after sam- piing and stored at this temperature without additional treatment （e. g. , freeze-drying） until just before the analysis of pigments. Since no extraction method is suitable to all kinds of sediments, it is necessary to optimize the extrac- tion method according to the properties of sediment samples. Since 1980, High Performance Liquid Chromatography （HPLC） analyses have become the method of choice for rapid, quantitative determinations of carotenoid, chloro- phyll and derivative content in aquatic ecosystems and their sediments. Pigments can degrade both in water column and sediment. The degradation rates of pigments can be affected by both their inherited natures and external factors. Usually, pigments undergo different phases of degradations, while they deposit from water columns to sediment-water interfaces, and till to the deep sediments. The degradation products of chlorophylls are more stable than their parents ; the carotenoids with 5,6-epoxide function are more la- bile than those without this function. As biomarkers, sedimentary pigments can be used to （1）characterize the composition and abundance of phyto- plankton communities and their historical changes ; （2）reflect the primary production and stat