中文摘要：

为探索秸秆覆盖模式及表土耕作方式对东北黑土根区土壤环境调控效应,设置浅松覆盖（STS）、免耕覆盖（NTR）、浅松覆盖＋压实（SCTS）、免耕覆盖＋压实（NCTR）及翻耕秸秆不还田（对照TC）5个处理,分析其对黑土区土壤水、热、养分及物理特性时空动态变化的影响。结果表明：相对于传统耕作,秸秆覆盖与土壤压实结合可改善土壤物理结构,春播期、秋收期0~50 cm土层容重分别降低1.32%~4.06%、0.81%~1.64%,0~30 cm土层有机质与速效养分含量分别提高4.89%~20.74%、1.94%~40.37%与7.18%~30.26%、1.22%~28.09%,0~70 cm土层生长期墒情增加6.83%~13.84%,调控苗期0~10 cm土层温度日温差减小0.5~2.8℃,且对表层各因素影响高于底层。秸秆覆盖模式可降低机械压实所引起的负效应,从高效可持续方面综合分析本试验条件下浅松压实覆盖（SCTS）在改善根区土壤环境方面具有一定优势,研究成果可为东北黑土区覆盖耕作措施实施提供参考依据。

英文摘要：

In order to study the influence of different straw mulching modes and surface tillage adjustment measures on environmental regulation of root zone of the northeast black soil,field experiments were conducted under five tillage practices of surface tillage with straw mulching（ STS）,no-tillage with straw mulching（ NTR）,surface tillage with straw mulching and compaction（ SCTS）,no-tillage with straw mulching and compaction（ NCTR） and conventional tillage（ contrast TC） for analyzing time and space dynamic change of soil moisture,heat,nutrient and physical properties by straw mode and surface tillage measures. The results showed that： straw mulching with surface tillage could improve soil physical structure on seeding stage and harvest stage,the soil bulk density of 0 ~ 50 cm soil layer was reduced from 1. 32% to 4. 06% and 0. 81% to 1. 64%,the soil organic matter and available nutrients of 0 ~30 cm soil layer were increased from 4. 89% to 20. 74%,1. 94% to 40. 37%,7. 18% to 30. 26% and1. 22% to 28. 09%,the soil moisture of 0 ~ 70 cm soil layer was increased from 6. 83% to 13. 84%,the daily soil temperature difference at seeding stage of 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer was reduced from 0. 5℃ to 2. 8℃than that of comparison TC,so the effect of surface soil layer was higher than that of the bottom layer.Under the experimental condition,SCTS has advantages on regulation soil environment of root zone for high efficient and sustainable comprehensive evaluation. Research results provide reference basis for promoting implementation of covering cultivation measures on the northeast black earth area.