中文摘要：

提出了一个特殊菲涅尔圆孔衍射实验,核心由正常金属/绝缘层/超导体多层膜构成,用来精确探测超导配对对称性。理论分析表明,对于超导层是s波配对,△（-k）=△（k）,且满足k·r=nπ的情况下,那么衍射图样的零阶为暗纹,其中k为波矢,n为整数。反之,如果△（-k）=-△（k）,且在其他条件不变的情况下,那么零阶衍射图样为明纹。从而可以利用这种简单易行的实验途径,对超导电子的配对对称性进行无模棱两可的判定。最后把这套装置应用到最近发现的AFeSe三元化合物超导体,给出了可能的具体实验方案,来探测这种多费米面复杂的电子配对对称性。

英文摘要：

A special Fresnel single aperture diffraction （FSAD） is proposed as a phase-sensitive probe to detect superconducting pairing symmetry. The instrument is built by a normal-insulator-superconductorjunction. It is shown that in case ofgap symmetry △（-k）=△（k） with k the wave vector of electrons tunneling into the trilayer, the quasiparticle FSAD pattern will developed at r a zeroth-order minimum if k·r=nπ （ nis an integer）. In contrast, for the case of △（-k）=-△（k）, the corresponding FSAD pattern is zeroth-order maximum. This method is applied to the new found AFeSe superconductors. Some observable consequences and feasible experimental schemes are given further.