中文摘要：

关节软骨缺损临床十分常见，但目前的治疗方法均存在修复不完全的缺陷。间充质干细胞移植治疗的发展为再生修复关节软骨缺损提供了新的治疗策略，但是作为组织修复执行者的干细胞移植后的在体迁徙分布、增殖及转归过程，目前尚无安全无创、实时动态的监测手段，因此难以明确外源性干细胞在关节软骨缺损再生修复中所扮演的角色。而MR在体示踪细胞技术为解决上述问题提供了新思路。MRI具有无创、无电离辐射、时间空间分辨率高、对比度好等优点，协同MRI对比剂，既可无创提供关节软骨的详细解剖结构信息，还可动态评估移植干细胞的归宿。笔者就MR示踪技术在干细胞移植治疗软骨缺损中的最新研究进展进行综述，探讨其优势、局限性及未来前景。

英文摘要：

Articular cartilage defects are common and caused by many reasons. However, treatments including conservative treatment, joint debridement, autologous or allogeneic bone cartilage transplantation and artificial joint replacement have obvious limitations such as incomplete repair. Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） transplantation therapy is considered as a new and effective therapy proposal of articular cartilage defects in future. But it is difficult to know about the role MSCs played in repairing process because of the lack of methods regarding the efficient and noninvasive technique to monitor the in vivo behavior of delivered cells in host tissue. Recently, MRI in vivo tracking of labeled cells technology provides a new train of thought. MRI molecular imaging can not only noninvasively provide anatomical information of articular cartilage, but also evaluate the fate of transplanted stem cells. The novel progress of magnetic resonance cell tracing technique in stem cells transplantation treatment of cartilage defects was reviewed, and the strengths, limitations and prospect of MR tracing technique were explored in this review.