中文摘要：

在河南洛阳孟津干旱试验区通过田间试验研究了不同施钾量对旱作冬小麦产量、品质、生理特性和钾肥回收率的影响，结果表明：适宜的钾肥用量能明显提高旱作区冬小麦产量，改善其品质和提高光合性能。钾肥用量在225kg／hm^2以下，随钾肥用量的增加冬小麦株高、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量均明显增加。施钾量在75～150kg／hm^2明显地增加冬小麦籽粒赖氨酸含量、出粉率、面粉沉淀值、面团形成时间和稳定时间。与不施钾处理相比，不同施钾处理的上述前5项指标分别增加了10．8％～13．5％、2．7％～11．8％、4．3％～13．3％、23．5％～41．2％、26％～34％，且弱化度降低28．6％～31．6％。施钾为150kg／hm^2时能明显促进旱作冬小麦旗叶硝酸还原酶（NR）的活性，进一步提高钾肥用量则导致NR活性降低。在供试施钾量范围内，同一生育期旗叶和子粒中的谷丙转氨酶GPT活性、叶绿素和PSII随施钾量的增加而提高，而同一处理随生育期的延长而降低。冬小麦植株钾素积累量随施钾量的增加而增加，钾素当季回收率则随着施钾量的增加而减少，施钾75kg／hm^2的钾素当季回收率最高，为43．3％。

英文摘要：

A field trial was carried out in arid experimental area of Mengjin county, Henan province to examine the effects of different potassium fertilizer rates on yield, quality and physiological characteristics of winter wheat. The results showed that applying proper rate of potassium fertilizer could increase wheat grain yield, seed quality and photosynthetic properties. In the range of K20 0 - 225 kg/ha, the effective tillers, seed numbers per ear and 1000-grain weight of wheat all increased with potassium fertilizer rate. Compared with K0, application of potassium fertilizer could improve wheat seed lysine concentration and milling ratio by 10.8% - 13.5 % and 2.7% - 11.8%, respectively, increase wheat flour Sedimentation value, Development and Stability time by 4.3% - 13.3%, 23.5% - 41.2% and 26% - 34%, respectively, and decrease wheat flour softening degree by 28.6 - 31.6% . The treatment with K20 150 kg/ha could increase the nitrate reductase activity, but the reductase activity decreased when the potassium fertilizer rate exceeded this level. Additionally, in the range of K2O 0 - 300 kg/ha, increase of potassium fertilizer resulted in the rise of GPT en-zyme activity, chlorophyll content and PSII quantum efficiency in wheat leaves, but the value of these indexes decreased with plant growth. Potassium accumulation in wheat plant increased with potassium fertilizer rates, but potassium fertilizer recovery rate decreased. The highest potassium fertilizer recovery rate （43.3 % ） was obtained when 75 kg/ha potassium fertilizer （K2O） was applied.