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中文摘要：
贵金属纳米颗粒的表面等离子共振（SPR）效应的研究已经有近60年的历史，近年来纳米等离子激元用于生物分析传感应用取得了长足的进步．本文系统地阐述了等离子激元的形成原理与单颗粒水平分析检测技术原理，从直接传感、等离子共振能量转移（PRET）、SPR耦合、生物成像与治疗等方面概括介绍了目前利用等离子激元进行生物分析传感、生物成像与诊疗等方面的应用研究．生物传感检测技术在单分子检测、单颗粒成像与分析等领域具有重要的科学意义与应用前景．
英文摘要：
Recently, there has been increasing interest in surface plasmon resonance （SPR） scattering of noble metal nanoparticles. This review introduced the formation mechanisum of SPR, and the plasmonic technology for biosensing on single nanoparticle level. The changes of enviorment around the particles surface can be used for designing novel plasmonic nano-probe for biosensing, imaging and other applications, such as direct plasmonic biosensing, plasmon resonance energy transferd （PRET）, SPR coupling, imaging and cancer treatment. These excellent performance of plasmonic nanoparticles in biosensing have raised new opportunities for single molecular detection, single particle analysis and imaging.
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