中文摘要：

为探索石膏矿采空区顶板冒落灾害形成及演化过程中的微观动力学行为,以某危害型石膏矿为研究背景,选择＂打气筒＂模型进行了空场法采空区顶板冒落相似物理模拟试验,并利用高速摄像及纹影技术,直观地记录分析冲击气浪产生时流场在直线型、转弯型、独头式模型巷道处的传播规律及变化特性。结果表明,在直线型巷道内传播时,冲击气浪并非按直线传递,而是气浪前端阵面会发生回转,与气浪尾部和后续的气浪叠加、交混,一起向前传递。在转弯型巷道中,冲击气浪传播至巷道转弯处时,气浪会马上在此改变传播方向,开始沿着转弯方向,向巷道出口传播。当气浪完全通过此处后,由于巷道围岩和空气的阻力,冲击气浪前端部分气流又会回流至此,进行二次破坏。在独头式巷道中传播时,由于巷道一端封合密闭,气体无法涌出,气浪无法在独头巷道中顺利向前传递,而是与巷道中的气浪相互叠加、碰撞,持续地、无规则地流动。

英文摘要：

This paper is inclined to make an exploration of the behaviors of the microscopic kinetics of the roof caving in gypsum mine＇ s gob through a trace study of the formation and evolutionary process of the disaster consequence by using a simulation experiment of the roof caving in such gobs by taking the hazardous gypsum mine as our case study sample.In proceeding with our simulated research,we have adopted high-speed camera and schlieren technology to make recordings and analyze the sample photos so as to find the propagation regularities and the characteristic features of the air shock wave variables in straight,turning,and face roadways.The results of our experimental and simulated research help us to arrive at the conclusion that the air shock waves in the mine wouldn＇ t propagate direcdy in a straight line in the roadway tunnel.Rather,they prefer to propagate in the straight roadway,first,and,then,tend to be superimposes,mixed with the succeeding waves so as to move forward under the impact of the resistance of the air in front of the roadway and the surrounding rocks with the shock waves going forward in a direct line first and then would be rotated,finally,due to the block and prevention of the likely blocks.In moving forward in the roadway,waves have to change their directions of propagation at once at the turning of the roadway because of the uneven pressure distribution,and propagate till the outlets of the tunnel in a tortuous way.However,in any case,the waves tend to propagate forward and complete their total travel in spite of the resistance of the surrounding rocks and air.While heading forward in the runnel roadway,the air shock waves also tend to propagate in the same way as they are moving in a straight roadway in the straight part of heading roadway.However,since one side of the heading roadway is sealed up and blocked,they fail to pass through.And,since the pressure and temperature are high in the tunnel roadway,the waves fail to propagate forward as smoothly and successfully as they move in a