中文摘要：

目的了解高年级小学生攻击行为与人际关系归因倾向状况,并分析二者的相关性。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取某市四、五、六年级小学生进行问卷调查,调查表内容分为小学生一般情况、攻击行为量表和人际关系归因倾向量表三个部分。采用多重线性回归分析学生人际关系归因倾向与攻击行为的关系。结果攻击行为方面,男生攻击行为得分高于女生,且总分及身体攻击、愤怒和敌意因子分四、五年级的高于六年级的（P〈0.05）,而女生的总分及身体攻击、语言攻击、间接攻击和愤怒因子分为五、六年级的高于四年级的（P〈0.05）;人际关系归因倾向方面,男生得分高于女生（P〈0.05）,男生的运气因子得分四、五年级的高于六年级的（P〈0.05）,女生人际关系归因倾向量表得分在年级之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;二者关系分析显示,控制性别、年级后,外控性因子情景和运气均与攻击行为总分及身体攻击、间接攻击、愤怒、敌意因子分呈正相关（P〈0.05）,内控性因子努力、外控性因子情景与语言攻击呈正相关（P〈0.05）。结论高年级小学生的攻击行为主要与人际关系归因倾向的外控性因子相关,外控性因子得分高的学生攻击性倾向也高,提示学生教育工作者可从改变归因方式入手进行干预,以减少学生攻击行为的发生。

英文摘要：

Objective To obtain knowledge about aggressive behavior and interpersonal attribution of senior primary school students,and to explore the relationship between them.Methods Stratified random sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in students of the fourth grade,fifth grade and sixth grade.The students were surveyed about their general situation and by aggressive behavior scale and interpersonal attribution scale.The relation between aggressive behavior and interpersonal attribution was analyzed using multiple linear regression.Results The score of aggressive behavior of male students was significantly higher than that of female students;the total,physical aggression,anger and hostility scores of male students of the fourth and fifth grades were significantly higher than those of sixth grade（P0.05）.The total,physical aggression,verbal aggression,indirect aggression and anger scores of female student of the fifth and sixth grades were significantly higher than those of the fourth grade（P0.05）.The interpersonal attribution score of male students was significantly higher than that of female students（P0.05）.The fortune score of male students of the fourth,fifth grades were significantly higher than that of the sixth grade（P0.05）.There were no significant differences in interpersonal attribution scores in female students of different grades（P0.05）.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that scores of situation factor of external control and fortune were both positively correlated with scores of total aggressive behavior,physical aggression,indirect aggression,anger and hostility when gender and grade were adjusted（P0.05）;the scores of effort factor of internal control and situation factor of external control had a positive correlation with score of verbal aggression（P0.05）.Conclusion The aggressive behavior of senior primary school students is mainly correlated with the external control factors of interpersonal attribution.Students with higher score of external control facto