中文摘要：

党的十八大报告上提出生态文明建设应融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设与社会建设之中，成为“五位一体”。这项发展战略将对我国今后的科学发展，有着重要的指导意义。论文以生态文明建设为基本出发点，根据自然条件及其发展效应概括了八种不同的城镇群发展类型，指出了现阶段因地制宜发展城镇群的必要性；并针对发展过程中的一些地质环境问题进行讨论，重点针对普遍存在的水、土资源安全与可持续发展问题、极端自然灾害问题、大型工程建设与发展的综合环境不良效应问题，环境污染的危害问题进行了探讨。基于以上分析讨论，作者对城镇建设划分为五个级别，并分别探讨了不同层次城镇的功能，强调了城乡一体化以及协调发展的重要性。

英文摘要：

The report on the 18th National Congress of Communist Party of China put forward the idea that construction of ecological civilization should be integrated into economic, political, cultural and social construction so as to achieve the aim of “five-in-one”. This development strategy will have an important guidance for the future development of science. For the purpose of building an ecological civilization as the basic starting point and according to the natural conditions of its development effects, this paper summarizes different types of urbanization development and points out the necessity of acting according to circumstances at this stage of the urban population. And then a discussion is made on the geological environment problems in the process of development, with special emphasis placed on the prevalent security issues of water and soil resources, natural disasters of extreme hazards, adverse large-scale integrated environmental effects of the construction and development, and environmental pollution hazards. This paper points out the safety feasibility and importance of the development of new urbanization in accordance with environmental safety and sustainable development. Based on the above analysis and discussion, the authors have divided urban construction into five levels, and discussed the functions of different levels of towns. Importance is attached to the integration and coordinated development of urban and rural areas.