中文摘要：

为了控制透射式旋转对称光学系统中的偏振效应，提高系统的光学性能，对该系统中的偏振像差进行了分析。在偏振像差理论的基础上．用偏振光线追迹法导出了该系统偏振像差的计算公式。对影响偏振像差的因素进行了分析，提出了透射式旋转对称光学界面产生的偏振像差的影响因子。最后，对一望远物镜进行了偏振像差分析，结果显示．入射角为18．77°时所产生的偏振像差是入射角为7．86°时的5．5倍；镀有膜系Layers2时的偏振像差比镀有MgF2膜时减小了约30％；λ=1．1μm时的偏振像差约为λ=0．55μm时的10倍。分析结果表明，对于具有宽光谱、大入射角、大视场等特点的透射式旋转对称光学系统，要想提高其光学性能，必须控制偏振像差。尽可能减小入射角的大小，将薄膜设计和光学设计结合起来．通过减小偏振分离的方式来降低系统中的偏振效应，是控制光学系统中的偏振像差的有效措施。

英文摘要：

The polarization aberrations of an optical system were analyzed to control the polarization effects and to improve the optical performance of the transmitting rotationally symmetric optical systems. The expressions of the polarization aberrations were deduced by a method of polarization ray tracing based on a polarization aberration theory. Then, the factors affecting the polarization aberra tions were analyzed and the affecting factor of a transmitting rotationally symmetric optical interface was defined. Finally, the polarization aberrations in a telescope objective were analyzed. Obtained re sults show that the polarization aberrations at an incident angle of 18.77° are 5.5 times as large as those at an incident angle of 7.86°, the polarization aberrations of the interfaces coated with Layers 2 are decreased by 30° as compared with those coated with MgF2 and the polarization aberrations at λ=1.1 μm are 10 times as large as those at λ=0.55 μm. The results indicate that polarization aberrations must be controlled to improve the optical performance of the transmitting rotationally symmetric optical systems with large fields of view, large incident angles or worked in wide wavelengths. This paper presents two kinds of methods for control the polarization aberrations of this type of optical systems effectively, and they are to keep the angles of incidence as small as possible and to minimize the polarization separation by optimizing the coating design.