中文摘要：

采用膜生物反应器（MBR）和传统活性污泥法（GAS）2种反应器处理相同的生活污水，考察了MBR和CAS的运行和生物群落结构及其动态变化．结果表明，MBR对COD和氨氮的去除效率均比CAS高，MBR和CAS出水COD的平均值分别为39．6mg／L和62．9mg／L，出水氨氮的平均值分别为6．8mg／L和14．5mg／L，可以看出无论是对于有机物还是NH4^＋-N，MBR的去除效果都比CAS要好．由于MBR的污泥处于大的曝气剪切力、过低的污泥负荷、以及长SRT导致的各种惰性物质积累等环境中，使MBR中污泥的群落及其变化与CAS相比有明显的不同．随着反应器运行时间的增加，DGGE的结果表明MBR的种群数量始终高于CAS，MBR群落相似性系数的变化也比CAS要大很多，在第15、124、186和230d时，MBR的条带数分别是22、25、24和20条，而CAS在相应的运行时间时条带数分别为19、14、17和20条．MBR污泥与种泥的相似性系数分别是54．1％、63．7％、63．9％和66．8％，而CAS污泥与种泥的相似性系数分别是71．8％、61．4％、9．1％和65．9％．说明CAS的排泥导致非选择性的微生物流失，同时，也说明MBR的群落具有更好的适应环境因素变化的能力，这是MBR抗冲击负荷能力较强的原因之一．从戴丝系数来看，尽管群落相似性越来越高，但群落始终处于变化状态，说明环境的微小变化（进水水质、环境温度等）都会引起生物群落的变化．

英文摘要：

A submerged MBR and CAS were used for municipal wastewater treatment to investigate their performance and the microbial community. The effluent COD concentrations of MBR and CAS were 39.6 mg/L and 62.9 mg/L on average, respectively. The effluent concentrations of NH4^＋ -N in MBR and CAS were 6.8 mg/L and 14.5 mg/L on average, respectively. MBR demonstrated a more stable and excellent effluent quality than CAS. The microbial community in the MBR and CAS indicate a clear difference in despite of same inoculation due to operation conditions of the MBR with the lower F/M ratio, accumulation of inert substance and strong shear force in aeration. The results of DGGE indicate that the quantity of the bacteria and the change of the similarities coefficient of the microbial community in MBR are more than those in the CAS. The result of DGGE showed that the quantity of bacteria in MBR is always larger than that in CAS, on 15, 124, 186 and 230 d, the quantity of lanes are 22, 25, 24 and 20 in MBR and 19, 14, 17 and 20 in CAS, respectively. The Dice similarity index are 54.1%, 63.7%, 63.9% and 66.8% in MBR and 71.8%, 61.4%, 9.1% and 65.9% in CAS, respectively. These phenomena show that the discharge of the excess sludge from CAS results in a loss of some no-selective bacteria, and the microbial community in the MBR has higher capability acclimatized the environment variable than that in the CAS. According to the Dice coefficient of the microbial community was higher and higher during the whole operation, it was influenced by the changes of environments, e.g. influent concentration, temperature and so on.