中文摘要：

利用1989—2005年间南极走航观测的海表面温度,对目前3个主要的卫星反演的SST产品AVHRR（Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer）,TMI（TRMM Microwave Imager）和AMSR-E（Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System）进行了较为系统的评估,并着重检验了它们在南大洋的准确性。结果表明,AVHRR SST比观测数据偏冷,白天的偏差为-0.12℃,夜晚的偏差为-0.04℃,而且南大洋的冷偏差更为显著。TMI SST比观测数据明显偏暖,白天的偏差为0.48℃,夜晚的偏差为0.57℃,其温差ΔT受37 GHz风速影响,在强风速（〉6 m/s）下这种影响仍然存在。AMSR-E SST比观测数据偏暖,白天的偏差为0.34℃,夜晚的偏差为0.27℃,而且南大洋的暖偏差相对较大。AMSR-E SST温差受水汽影响,并在南大洋随着水汽的增加而增加。通过进一步比较微波（AMSR-E和TMI）和红外（AVHRR）遥感的SST在2004年北半球冬季（即南半球夏季）的差别,发现微波遥感在热带（15°S-15°N）和南大洋区域（45°S以南）比红外遥感偏暖,而且在南大洋区域的偏差相对较大,相反在北半球中纬度区域（15°～40°N）偏冷。AMSR-E与AVHRR SST的温差,从白天到夜晚有减小的趋势,而TMI与AVHRR SST的温差无明显的变化。

英文摘要：

In this study, we evaluated three satellite remote sensing SST from AVHRR （Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer）, TMI （TRMM Microwave Imager） and AMSR-E （Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System） using the in situ measurements obtained from the Chinese Antarctic Expeditions for the period 1989--2005, with emphasis on the Southern Ocean. Com- pared to the ship observations, AVHRR SST has a mean bias of --0.12 ℃ for daytime and --0. 04 ℃ for nighttime, and the cold bias is more pronounced in the Southern Ocean. TMI SST shows large warm bia- ses relative to the observations （ 0.48 ℃ for daytime and 0.57 ℃ for nighttime）. The biases of TMI SST （AT） are influenced by 37 GHz wind speed, and the influence still exists even as the wind speed is higher than 6 m/s. AMSR-E SST also shows warm biases （0.34 ℃ for daytime and 0.27 ℃ for nighttime）, which are larger in the Southern Ocean as compared to other regions. The biases of AMSR-E SST are influenced by water vapor, particularly increasing with the increasing water vapor in the Southern Ocean. The comparison between the microwave （AMSR-E/TMI） and near infrared （AVHRR） SST suggests that the microwave SST is warmer in the tropical and Southern Ocean, but colder in the mid-latitude. In addi- tion, for AMSR-E, the magnitude of the SST difference has a decreasing tendency from daytime to nighttime, whereas for TMI, there is not obvious change in the magnitude of the SST difference.