中文摘要：

光电探测器在高新技术领域有着广泛应用，量子噪声是光电探测器的一个主要噪声源，它影响和决定着探测的灵敏度，在误差分析中是一个重要的因素。讨论了噪声与误差的联系与区别。在分析量子噪声来源的基础上，用实验验证了光电探测器一次光电子发射的概率满足泊松分布律，但倍增的光电子发射概率由于倍增噪声而不再遵守泊松分布律。引入噪声比例因子来描述和处理光电探测器的误差。

英文摘要：

Photodetectors are widely used in high technology field. Quantum noise is a main noise source of photodetector, and as an important factor in error analysis, it affects and decides detecting sensitivity. The difference and relation between noise and standard deviation are discussed. Based on the analysis of quantum noise sources, it is checked that the emitted photoelectrons have a Poisson distribution, but the multiplied photoelectrons do not obey Poisson statistics. Noise scale factor is introduced and used to describe and process the standard deviation of photoelectrons of photodetector.