中文摘要：

土壤中的微生物多样性是十分丰富的，传统培养方法对土壤微生物多样性的研究有很大局限性。近年来，各种基于16SrDNA基因的指纹图谱分析技术取得了长足的进步，并广泛应用于土壤微生物多样性的研究。这些技术主要有变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）／温度梯度凝胶电泳（TGGE）、单链构象多态性（SSCP）、随机引物扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）、限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）和扩增核糖体DNA限制性分析（ARDRA）等。对这些技术近年来在土壤微生物多样性研究领域的应用予以简短综述，并初步探讨未来几年土壤微生物分子生态学发展的方向。

英文摘要：

The diversity of microorganisms in soil is very abundant, however, the traditional methods to study the diversity of soil microbes were restricted greatly. Recently, fingerprints atlas analysis technologies based on 16S rDNA genes have made rapid progress, and have widely applied in the study of soil microbial diversity. They are mainly denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, temperature gradient gel electrophoresis （TGGE）, single-strand conformation polymorphism （SSCP）, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （T-RELP）, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis （ARDRA） etc. Recent applications of these technologies in the study of soil microbial diversity were briefly summarized in this paper, and primarily investigate the direction of the development of soil microbiological molecular ecology in the near future.