中文摘要：

采用蒸发凝聚法制备了Al-M（M=Cu，Fe，Cr，Mn）合金纳米粉末，研究了粉末中的相生成规律．实验结果表明，纳米粉末的相组成及其相对含量主要是由母合金的成分决定的．在Al-Cu合金纳米粉末中生成的合金相有θ—CuAl2，72-AhCu9，β-AlCu3，Cu在Al中的最大固溶度明显高于Al-Cu平衡相图上的值、在Al-Fe合金纳米粉末中生成了Al13Fe4和FeAl2相．在Al-Mn和Al-Cr合金纳米粉末中则分别生成了β—MnAl6，η2-Al8Mn5相和Al13Cr2，Cr9Al17相．纳米颗粒的组织和形貌与纯金属纳米粒子的差异很大、讨论了合金纳米粒子的形成机理．

英文摘要：

Nanometer powders of Al-Me （Me = Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn） binary alloys were prepared by gas evaporation processing. The formation regularities of the phases in the as-prepared nanometer powders were investigated. Experiment results showed that for Al-Cu alloy powders, only θ-CuAl2, γ2-Al4Cu9, β-AlCu3 alloy phases occurred and for Al-Fe alloy powders, Al13Fe4 and FeAl2 phases formed. When the Al-Mn and Al-Cr master alloys were evaporated, β-MnAl6, η2-Al8Mn5 phases and Al13Cr2, Cr9Al17 phases formed in the as-prepared powders respectively. The microstructures and the morphology of the alloy nanometer particles were different from those of the elemental metal particles. The formation mechanism of the alloy particles was discussed.