中文摘要：

近红外荧光生物成像技术由于具有深的组织穿透性、低背景荧光干扰、最小生物样本光损伤等特点引起人们越来越多的关注。开发高荧光效率、低毒性的近红外荧光染料是近红外荧光成像技术发展的关键所在。本文综述了五类主要的有机近红外荧光染料（菁类、BODIPY类、罗丹明类、方酸类、卟啉类）的研究进展,重点分析其结构与光学性质等构效关系,为近红外荧光染料的设计和制备提供指导。另外,总结了有机近红外荧光材料功能化修饰的主要方法以改善生物相容性、靶向性能等,最后对近红外荧光染料存在的主要问题以及未来的热点方向进行了分析和展望。

英文摘要：

The near-infrared（ NIR） fluorescence imaging technologies have attracted considerable interest in recent years. They take great advantages for in vivo bioimaging because of their deep tissue penetration,minimum photo-damage to biological samples,and minimum interference from background auto-fluorescence by biomolecules in the living systems. It is still a crucial issue to develop NIR fluorescent dyes w ith high efficiency and low toxicity for fluorescence bioimaging technology. This article review s the advances in the development of organic NIR fluorescent dyes including cyanines,BODIPYs,rhodamine analogues,squaraines,porphyrins; and the relationship betw een the structure and optical properties is highlighted to guide the design and preparation of NIR fluorescent dyes. In addition,We focus on discussing the main methodologies of functional modification to improve the biocompatibility and targeting capacities of organic NIR fluorescent dyes to realize multifunction and high performance. Finally,the future opportunities and challenges of NIR fluorescent dyes and NIR fluorescence imaging technologies are addressed to our understanding.