中文摘要：

对核事故条件下钚气溶胶源项的理论和实验研究进行了总结和评述，主要包括钚材料的氧化反应机制、气溶胶的颗粒尺寸分布以及核事故发生后钚气溶胶从事故源处释放的比率和可吸人率。进一步对比了炸药化学爆炸、静态燃烧及动态燃烧3类核事故场景中钚气溶胶的源项数据并得出结论。静态燃烧和液滴未爆炸的动态燃烧场景中钚气溶胶的生成机制类似，前者相对较低的气溶胶释放率源于反应过程中的热量损耗及固态材料对空气流动的阻碍；动态场景中液滴爆炸并泄露出大量钚蒸汽将产生更高的气溶胶率及可吸入率；炸药爆炸条件下钚材料的氧化反应是最剧烈的，将产生最高的源项数据。

英文摘要：

The theoretical and experimental evaluations of plutonium aerosol source-term in nuclear accident are summarized and reviewed in this paper. The content of this paper include oxidation mechanism of plutonium, particulate distribution of plutonium aerosol, aerosol release fraction （ARF） and respirable fraction （RF） of radioactive aerosolization during nuclear accident. The source-term data of three kinds of nuclear accidents which are explosive detonation, static com- bustion and dynamic combustion have been investigated. The latter two accidental scenes tend to imitate stockpile fire accidents and air transportation disasters wherein the aircrafts and missiles with nuclear devices run up against unexpected fire, crash or in-flight breakup re- spectively. It is indicated that the aerosolization mechanisms of static combustion and the dynamic combustion without plutonium droplets sparking and explosion are all derived from the oxide particles spilled from the plutonium surface. The size distributions of smaller aerosol particles dispersed with updraft and biggish ones deposited in the soil during static combustion have been measured individually. After that, the full-scale distribution could be obtained in accordance with the combination of the two parts. The investigation of full-scale particu- late distribution in the dynamic combustion scene is unreachable due to the restriction of experimental conditions. The aerosolization distri- bution in the explosive detonation scene is listed via field test data of Operation Roller Coaster. The source-term of static combustion is lower than the dynamic combustion without sparking and explosion of plutonium droplets, which is based on the thermo dissipation and the loss of oxygen around the plutonium solidity. The dynamic combustion with plutonium droplets sparking and explosion leads to vapor venting and higher source-term. During the explosive detonation the reaction of plutonium oxidation is severest and leads to the highest source- term. The reinvestigation and