中文摘要：

TiO2半导体光电极的发现引发了科学界大量关于半导体光电极的研究.目前,对TiO2的掺杂,对新材料的探索以及对异质结的深入研究,目的都是为了提高半导体光电极的太阳光利用效率.敏化太阳能电池的出现是半导体光电极在实用化方面迈进的一大步.文章简述半导体光电极的研究历史,并对该领域将来的研究方向进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Since it was found that TiO2 photoelectrodes can split water into H2 and O2 directly under UV irradiation, much research has focused on semiconductor electrodes, including doped TiO2, new materials, and heterojunctions, in efforts to improve the conversion efficiency of solar energy. Subsequently, the appearance of dye - sensitized solar cells made semiconductor electrodes practically feasible. The historical development of semiconductor photoelectrodes is briefly introduced, and their future prospects discussed.