中文摘要：

近几十年，社会进步的同时人们生活方式发生了巨大改变，肥胖症和2型糖尿病等相关代谢性疾病已经在全世界流行。除了传统的控制饮食、调整生活方式和药物干预，减重及代谢病手术已经成为治疗代谢性疾病的重要手段之一。近年来，国际上在手术治疗肥胖症及代谢性疾病的机制研究方面取得一定突破，胃肠道手术启动机体增加能量消耗及白色脂肪棕色化成为新的研究热点。在欧美国家，减重代谢外科已经历了半个多世纪的更新与演变。目前，代谢外科的经典手术方式在全世界范围内基本达成共识。伴随减重及代谢病手术方式的更迭，通过早期手术方式治疗肥胖症及代谢性疾病，或初次手术治疗不满意的患者可以通过修正手术来进一步治疗。另外，内镜技术的快速发展，为减重及代谢病手术提供新思路。笔者就减重及代谢病手术研究机制和手术方式发展的国际最新进展进行深入探讨。

英文摘要：

In recent decades, human lifestyle has undergone tremendous changes with the development of society, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and related metabolic diseases have been prevalent around the world. In addition to the tradi- tional treatment including diet control, lifestyle modification and drug intervention, bariatric and metabolic disease surgeries have become the significant therapeutic means. In recent years, the international community has made some breakthroughs in the mechanisms of surgical treatment for obesity and metabolic dis- ease, the mechanism that gastrointestinal surgery activates the body to increase energy expenditure and white adipose tissues convert to brown become the new hot spot. In western countries, bariatric surgery has already undergone semicentennial renewal and evolution. Currently, classical metabolic surgery methods basically reach a consensus worldwide, however, along with the changes of the surgery methods, patients who accept early surgical treatments of obesity and metabolic disease or who are not saris-fied with the initial surgery can be further remedied through repairing operation. In addition, the rapid development of endo- scopic technique provides a new idea for renewal of bariatric sur- gery. This review focuses on the latest international develop- ments about the mechanisms of metabolic disease surgery and the innovation of operation methods.