中文摘要：

研究了多工况结构柔度最小化方法。提出了3杆类桁架连续体材料模型。推导了该材料的刚度矩阵及其导数。通过优化杆件分布场得到优化的类桁架连续体。克服了目前普遍采用单元的“有”和“无”表示结构拓扑的轮廓粗糙、锯齿状边界问题。结点位置的杆件密度和方向作为设计变量，杆件在单元内的密度和方向通过结点位置的数值插值得到，并且在单元内连续变化。由于没有抑制中间密度，完全不存在数值不稳定问题。类桁架连续体由于与杆系结构有明确的对应关系，可以合理地转化杆系结构。选择杆件分布场中的部分杆件可以形成杆系结构。如果再进一步作尺寸和形状优化就可以得到最终的拓扑优化结构。

英文摘要：

A method to minimize the compliance of structures under multiple load cases is studied. A three member truss-like material model is presented. The stiffness matrix and its sensitivities are derived. The member distributed field is optimized to form a truss-like continuum. In most topology optimization method, structural topology is expressed by ＇existence＇ and ＇nonexistence＇ of elements. Rough outlines with zigzag lines are not avoided. This problem is overcome thoroughly. The member densities and orientations at the nodes are taken as design variables. The member densities and orientations at any point in an element vary continuously. For intermediate densities being not suppressed, no numerical instabilities exists at all. Since there is an explicit relation between a truss-like continuum and a member structure, it is easy to transfer a truss-like continuum to a member structure rationally. Parts of members in the truss-like continuum, which are formed according to the member distribution, are chosen to form the nearly optimal member structure. Furthermore if the positions of the nodes and the cross sectional areas of the members are optimized, the final topological optimal structures are established.